Lisp (or LISP) is a family of computer programming languages with a
long history and a distinctive, fully parenthesized syntax.
Originally specified in 1958, Lisp is the second-oldest high-level
programming language in widespread use today; only Fortran is
older. Like Fortran, Lisp has changed a great deal since its early
days, and a number of dialects have existed over its history.
Today, the most widely known general-purpose Lisp dialects are
Common Lisp and Scheme. Lisp was originally created as a practical
mathematical notation for computer programs, based on Alonzo
Church's lambda calculus. It quickly became the favored programming
language for artificial intelligence (AI) research. As one of the
earliest programming languages, Lisp pioneered many ideas in
computer science, including tree data structures, automatic storage
management, dynamic typing, object-oriented programming, and the
self-hosting compiler. The name Lisp derives from "List Processing
Language". Linked lists are one of Lisp languages' major data
structures, and Lisp source code is itself made up of lists. As a
result, Lisp programs can manipulate source code as a data
structure, giving rise to the macro systems that allow programmers
to create new syntax or even new domain-specific programming
languages embedded in Lisp. The interchangeability of code and data
also gives Lisp its instantly recognizable syntax. All program code
is written as s-expressions, or parenthesized lists. A function
call or syntactic form is written as a list with the function or
operator's name first, and the arguments following; for instance, a
function f that takes three arguments might be called using
(f x y z).
(via Wikipedia)
Influenced:
Logo, Perl, Python, Smalltalk, Ruby, Dylan, Mathematica, Rebol
Designed By:
John McCarthy
Developed by:
Steve Russell, Timothy P. Hart, and Mike Levin
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